Concept Learning Outcomes from Term 1

B1 Cell Structure

It is expected that students will:

Describe the following cell structures and their functions:

• cell membrane
• mitochondria
• smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
• ribosomes
• Golgi bodies
• vesicles
• vacuoles
• lysosomes
• nuclear envelope
• nucleus
• nucleolus
• chromosomes

identify the functional interrelationships of cell structures

identify the cell structures in diagrams and electron micrographs

B2 - Water

It is expected that students will:

• describe how the polarity of the water molecule results in hydrogen bonding
• describe the role of water as a solvent, temperature regulator, and lubricant
• Will be covered later this term: distinguish among acids, bases, and buffers, and indicate the importance of pH to biological systems

B4 - Biological Molecules

It is expected that students will:

• demonstrate a knowledge of synthesis and hydrolysis as applied to organic polymers
• distinguish among carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids with respect to chemical structure
• recognize the empirical formula of a carbohydrate
• differentiate among monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
• differentiate among starch, cellulose, and glycogen
• list the main functions of carbohydrates 
• compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats in terms of molecular structure
• describe the location and explain the importance of the following in the human body: neutral fats, steroids, phospholipids
• draw a generalized amino acid and identify the amine, acid (carboxyl), and R-groups
• differentiate among the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins
• list the major functions of proteins
• relate the general structure of the ATP molecule to its role as the "energy currency" of cells

Know how these terms connect...

-    Alpha helix

·         Amino acid*

·         ATP*

·         Beta pleated sheet

·         Carbohydrate*

·         Cellulose*

·         Cholesterol

·         CnH2nOn

·         Double Helix

·         DNA*

·         Disaccharide

·         Double bonds between Carbons

·         Enzyme

·         Estrogen

·         Glucose

·         Glycerol

·         Glycogen

·         Hydrogen bonding

·         Lipid*

·         Maltose

·         Monosaccharide

·         Neutral fat (triglyceride)

·         Nucleotide

·         Nucleic Acid

·         Peptide bonds

·         Phospholipid*

·         Primary

·         Protein*

·         Polysaccharide

·         Quaternary

·         Ribose

·         RNA

·         Saturated fatty acids

·         Secondary

·         Starch

·         Steroids

·         Sucrose

·         Tertiary

·         Testosterone
-    Unsaturated Fatty Acid

B9 - Transport Across Cell Members

It is expected that students will:

• apply knowledge of organic molecules - including phospholipids, proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, carbohydrates, and cholesterol to explain the structure and function of the fluid-mosaic membrane model
• identify they hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
• explain why the cell membrane is described as "selectively permeable"
• compare and contrast the following: diffusion, facilitated transport, osmosis, active transport
• explain factors that affect the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane (eg. temperature, size of molecules, charge of molecule, concentration gradient)
• describe endocytosis, including phagocytosis and pinocytosis, and contrast it with exocytosis
• predict the effects of hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic environments on animal cell

B10 - SA:V Ratio

It is expected that students will:

• demonstrate an understanding of the relationship and significance of surface area to volume, with reference to cell size